According to constructivist theory, learning is defined as what process?

The essence of constructivist theory lies in the belief that learning is an active, dynamic process in which individuals construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiences and reflecting on those experiences. The correct choice emphasizes the importance of adjusting one's mental models to incorporate new experiences. This signifies that when learners encounter new information or experiences, they do not just passively absorb it; instead, they modify and adapt their existing frameworks of understanding to make sense of this new information.

This process is often referred to as "cognitive restructuring." It highlights a key component of constructivism: learners build on prior knowledge and experiences, continuously evolving their understanding through interaction with their environment and peers. This approach fosters deeper learning and encourages critical thinking, enabling students to become more independent and engaged in their educational journey.

In contrast, other choices do not align with constructivist principles. Memorizing information for tests focuses on rote learning rather than understanding. Reproducing past knowledge doesn't involve growth or new understanding, and following strict methodologies limits adaptability and flexibility in learning, which constructivism strongly advocates against.