According to educational philosophies, which approach focuses on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)?

Constructivism emphasizes higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) by encouraging students to actively build their understanding and knowledge of the world through experience and reflection. This educational philosophy posits that learners construct their own meaning and understanding, which leads to deeper comprehension and application of concepts.

In constructivism, the role of the teacher shifts from being the primary source of knowledge to a facilitator who guides students in exploring, questioning, and working through problems. This approach fosters critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to analyze and evaluate information, which are key components of HOTS. Students engage in collaborative learning, inquiry-based tasks, and real-world applications that enhance their ability to think critically and solve complex problems independently.

Through constructivist practices, such as project-based learning or problem-solving activities, learners are challenged to synthesize information from various sources, assess different viewpoints, and develop their arguments—essential elements of higher-order thinking. This methodology aligns well with the goals of contemporary education that seek to prepare students for a dynamic, complex world.