What educational philosophy emphasizes the authority of teachers and the value of a subject matter curriculum?

The emphasis on the authority of teachers and the value of a subject matter curriculum is a key characteristic of essentialism. This educational philosophy advocates for a traditional curriculum that prioritizes essential knowledge and skills, focusing on core subjects such as math, science, and language arts. Essentialists believe that teachers play a crucial role in delivering this knowledge, thus establishing a structured learning environment where educators guide students through the defined curriculum.

This approach contrasts with other philosophies such as progressivism, which centers more on student interests and experiences; constructivism, which focuses on students constructing their own understanding; and reconstructionism, which seeks to address social injustices and change societal structures through education. Essentialism is distinct in its assertion that a solid foundation in traditional subjects is vital for students to become educated and productive citizens, thus reinforcing the teacher's authoritative role in the educational process.