What philosophy underlies the movement advocating education focused on the realities of life as a counter to formalism?

The philosophy that underlies the movement advocating for education focused on the realities of life as a counter to formalism is realism. Realism emphasizes the importance of understanding the world as it is, rather than adhering strictly to abstract principles or ideals. This approach prioritizes pragmatic experiences and practical knowledge, reflecting the complexities and challenges of real life.

In an educational context, realism supports a curriculum that connects directly with the lived experiences of students and prepares them for the realities they will face outside of formal educational settings. It encourages critical thinking and problem-solving by grounding learning in actual situations and practical applications, fostering a more relevant and meaningful educational experience.

While pragmatism also values practical experience, its focus is broader and can include a variety of approaches to knowledge and truth, not strictly related to the realities of life. Idealism leans toward the promotion of ideas and ideals rather than practical realities. Existentialism emphasizes individual experience and choice, often focusing more on personal meaning rather than the common realities of life. In contrast, realism's commitment to studying and teaching based on factual and observable aspects of the world makes it the most fitting answer in this context.