Which philosophy argues that there is a common core of culture that should be taught to all students?

The philosophy that argues for a common core of culture that should be taught to all students is Essentialism. This educational philosophy emphasizes the importance of core knowledge and skills, believing that there are essential content areas that all students must learn to be well-educated individuals. Essentialists advocate for a rigorous curriculum that includes fundamental subjects such as reading, writing, mathematics, and the sciences, alongside cultural literacy. The aim is to provide students with a solid foundation that prepares them for future academic pursuits and civic participation.

Essentialism contrasts with other philosophies that might focus on different aspects of education. For instance, while Perennialism also values a core curriculum, it emphasizes timeless ideas and great works of philosophy and literature, often with a focus on Western civilization. Humanism centers on personal growth and the development of the whole person, not necessarily dictating a standardized core curriculum to all students. Behaviorism, on the other hand, is more focused on observable behaviors and the reinforcement of desired responses rather than the content of culture itself. Therefore, Essentialism stands out as the philosophy that specifically champions a shared body of knowledge that is fundamental for all learners.