Which philosophy asserts that every person has similar capabilities and dilemmas in life?

The philosophy that asserts every person has similar capabilities and dilemmas in life is existentialism. This approach emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice, positing that while people face unique circumstances, they share fundamental human experiences and struggles. Existentialism explores the idea that individuals confront similar questions about meaning, purpose, and morality, regardless of their backgrounds or situations. Furthermore, it recognizes that while circumstances may differ, the fundamental nature of human existence and the common dilemmas people encounter are shared across humanity, reinforcing the notion of a collective experience in navigating life's challenges.

In contrast, realism focuses on objective reality and the importance of observable and measurable truths, often neglecting the subjective experience that existentialism emphasizes. Pragmatism, while concerned with practical consequences and real-world applications of ideas, does not necessarily make a claim about shared human experiences in the same way. Idealism, on the other hand, typically emphasizes the role of the mind or spirit in shaping reality, which can lead to differing views on capabilities and dilemmas, rather than a shared human experience.